WHAT IS POLYMERIZATION...??????????????

Polymerization is defined as any process in which relatively small molecules called monomers , combine chemically to produce a very large chainlike or three-dimensional network molecule called polymer.

The monomer molecules may be all alike or they may represent two , three or more different compounds.

POLYTHENE is a best suited example for this process.

In this case ethene is a monomer and the three-dimensional network of ethene creates a Polythene , which is a polymer and the whole process is called polymerization.

RADIOACTIVITY and ITS EFFECTS.....??????

Radioactivity is the process by which unstable atomic nuclei release energetic particles to become stable.

The energy and particles released during the decomposition process are called radiation.

When unstable nuclei decomposes in nature the process is referred to as natural radioactivity. 

When the unstable nuclei is prepared in the laboratory , the decomposition is called induced radioactivity.

HEALTH EFFECTS DUE TO RADIOACTIVITY :----

Radioactive materials that decay spontaneously produce ionizing radiation.

Any living tissue in the human body can be damaged by ionizing radiation in a unique manner.

Sometimes body can repair that damage by itself but sometimes the damage is of a nature that can not be repaired.

Some other effects are Hair loss , changes in blood chemistry , vomiting , fatigue e.t.c.

HOW DOES NITROUS OXIDE HELP AN ENGINE TO PERFORM BETTER...??????

When you heat nitrous oxide ( N2O ) or NOx to about 300 degree celcius , it splits into nitrogen and oxygen.

So the injection of nitrous oxide into an engine means that more oxygen is available during combustion.

Because you have more oxygen you can inject more fuel , allowing the same engine to produce more power.

Nitrous oxide is one of the simplest way to provide a significant horsepower boost to any gasoline engine.

NOx has another effect that improves performance even more.

When it vaporizes , nitrous oxide provides a significant cooling effect on the intake air.

When you reduce the intake air temperature , you increase the air's density and this provides even more oxygen inside the cylinder.

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WHAT IS A FERRITE....????

A Ferrite is a type of ceramic compound composed of iron oxide ( Fe2O3 ) combined chemically with one or more additional metallic elements.

They are ferrimagnetic , meaning that they can be magnetized or attracted to a magnet , and are electrically noncondutive.

Ferrites can be divided into two families based on their magnetic coercivity , it is their resistance to being demagnetized.

Hard ferrites have high coercivity , they are difficult to demagnetize.

They are used to make magnets for devices such as refrigerator magnets , loud speakers and small electric motors.

Soft ferrites have low coercivity.

They are used in the electronics industry to make ferrite cores for inductors and transformers and in various microwave components. 

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WHAT ARE CERAMICS AND THEIR CATEGORIES.....???????????

Ceramics can be defined as heat-resistant , non-metallic , inorganic solids that are generally made up of compounds formed from metallic and non-metallic elements.

Although different types of ceramics can have different properties , in general ceramics are corrosion-resistant and hard , but brittle.

Most ceramics are also good insulators and can withstand high temperatures.

These properties have led to their use in virtually every aspect of life.

The two main categories of ceramics are :---   Traditional and Advanced

Traditional ceramics include objects made of clay and cements that have been hardened by heating at high temperatures.

These are used in dishes , crockery , flowerpots..e.t.c.

Advanced ceramics include carbides such as silicon carbide ( SiC ) e.t.c.

These act as good superconductors that is why they are used in making sockets..e.t.c.

:)

WHAT IS CETANE NUMBER.....??????????????

Cetane number or CN is an indicator of the combustion speed and combustion quality of diesel fuel.

The higher the cetane number the more easily the fuel will combust in a compression setting ( such as a diesel engine ).

The characteristic diesel " knock " occurs when fuel that has been injected into the cylinder ignites after a delay causing a late shock wave.

Minimizing this delay results in less unburned fuel in the cylinder and less intense knock.

Therefore  higher - cetane fuel usually causes an engine to run smoothly and quietly.

This does not necessarily translate into greater efficiency , although it may in certain engines.

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WHY DIESEL CANNOT BE USED IN PETROL ENGINE...?????????

It is just because Petrol is more volatile then Diesel.

Also we know that petrol is ignited by spark and diesel by compression ignition in engine.

That's why if we use diesel in petrol engine , the carburetor cannot produce fine vaporized mixture of air-diesel due to low volatility of diesel.

Now when this improper air-diesel mixture reaches the combustion chamber.

Then the spark produced in chamber will only burn diesel properly and rest of the mixture will not get enough heat from the fire produced by the spark.

Hence unburnt mixture will tend to various efficiency loss , this is due to the improper penetration of fire.

The improper penetration of fire results from improper vaporization of air-diesel mixture and it results from low volatility of diesel.

This is the reason why Diesel cannot be used in Petrol engine..

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